un-nest curl

curl-8.15.0/docs/cmdline-opts/range.md

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+---
+c: Copyright (C) Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
+Long: range
+Short: r
+Help: Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE
+Arg: <range>
+Protocols: HTTP FTP SFTP FILE
+Category: http ftp sftp file
+Added: 4.0
+Multi: single
+See-also:
+  - continue-at
+  - append
+Example:
+  - --range 22-44 $URL
+---
+
+# `--range`
+
+Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial document) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP
+server or a local FILE. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways.
+
+## 0-499
+specifies the first 500 bytes
+
+## 500-999
+specifies the second 500 bytes
+
+## -500
+specifies the last 500 bytes
+
+## 9500-
+specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward
+
+## 0-0,-1
+specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP)
+
+## 100-199,500-599
+specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)
+
+##
+
+(*) = NOTE that if specifying multiple ranges and the server supports it then
+it replies with a multiple part response that curl returns as-is. It
+contains meta information in addition to the requested bytes. Parsing or
+otherwise transforming this response is the responsibility of the caller.
+
+Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of the
+'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the
+server's response is unspecified, depending on the server's configuration.
+
+Many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you
+attempt to get a range, curl instead gets the whole document.
+
+FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax
+(optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended
+FTP command SIZE.
+
+When using this option for HTTP uploads using POST or PUT, functionality is
+not guaranteed. The HTTP protocol has no standard interoperable resume upload
+and curl uses a set of headers for this purpose that once proved working for
+some servers and have been left for those who find that useful.
+
+This command line option is mutually exclusive with --continue-at: you can only
+use one of them for a single transfer.